![]() |
Was the ocean liner that sank at 02:20am April 15th 1912 really RMS Titanic, or was it RMS Olympic? It is now suggested that due to an insurance scam, the two liners identities had been switched. In 1907, wealthy financier of International Mercantile Marine John Pierpont Morgan and the chairman of White Star Line, Joseph Bruce Ismay along with the chairman of Harland & Wolff shipyard Lord William Pirrie, together decided that a fleet of three new luxury liners should be built. They wanted to compete with Cunnard Line who currently had the biggest ocean liners at the time, The Lusitania and The Mauritania.
Atlantic voyages were big business in the early 1900's and it was a very competitive market to be in. Wealthy passengers voted with their feet about which ocean liners to choose for their long journey's, therefore liner owners were making them more and more luxurious to cater for their tastes. The three new super liners would be built explicitly to ferry the rich and famous across the Atlantic, but would also cater for 2nd class and 3rd steerage class passengers. These three new liners would be the most exuberant and luxurious ships ever to have been constructed to sail the seas, especially for 1st class travel. It was even stated that 3rd class travel on RMS Titanic was in comparison to 2nd class travel on a lot of other ships. In 1908, one year later after the initial meeting, work began on the construction of the three new super liners. They were to be built and named in the consecutive order of RMS Olympic, RMS Titanic and RMS Gigantic. However, after the sinking of " RMS Titanic " White Star Line changed the name of RMS Gigantic into RMS Britannic.
All three liners, were 99% identical to each other, all built at the Harland & Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, for a cost of $10,000,000 each, today's estimate at over $120Million each.
On October 20th 1910 RMS Olympic was launched amongst a large crowd of press and onlookers, with much bunting, cheering and waving. Eight months later on June 14th 1911, She took her maiden voyage.
RMS Olympic was an unlucky ship, several workers had been injured during her construction and quiet whispers of her being a " Jonah " or a jinxed ship went around the docks by the superstitious amongst them. This jinx seemed to have followed RMS Olympic and she met with several unfortunate accidents whilst at sea. On her maiden voyage under the command of Captain and Commodore of White Star Line, Edward John Smith, RMS Olympic had an accident with a tug in New York. The accident happened in harbor whilst docking at Pier 59. The tug was apparently sucked in by the wash, colliding with RMS Olympic's stern. However, no damage was evidently reported.
Only three months later on September 20th 1911, RMS Olympic met with yet another collision. This time with the British Royal Navy Edgar Class Cruiser HMS Hawke, off the Isle of White. The damage inflicted this time, was reported.
HMS Hawke seen above, was actually fitted with an underwater battering ram, as a lot of 19th century warships at that time were. These rams were designed to inflict maximum damage to any ship they rammed into, RMS Olympic being the unlucky recipient, showed testimony of this. The image below depicts the initial damage.
The damage below the waterline however, was said to be far more serious, also the super structure had warped. The damage is shown in the photo below, it was taken after RMS Olympic had limped into the docks in Southampton for makeshift repair work to be carried out.
She had to be made seaworthy enough to sail to the main shipyard at Belfast, to undergo more extensive repairs. All this was going to be of great cost to White Star Line, especially as it delayed work on RMS Titanic. The damage included hundreds of broken rivets and buckled steel plates on both sides of the ship, a cracked crankshaft, a broken starboard propeller, a bent propeller shaft and the keel was warped. The warped keel gave RMS Olympic a permanent 2 degrees list to port and the ship builders stated that it could not be corrected without rebuilding half of the ship. This was tantamount to saying a new ship was needed to be built.
A TITANIC INSURANCE LOSS
The Royal Navy Admiralty held an inquiry into the collision and after much
investigation and deliberation they returned the verdict that RMS
Olympic was solely responsible for the accident. They
alleged that her large displacement generated an under water current
suction that pulled HMS Hawke into her side as she passed.
The three photos of HMS Hawke below clearly
depict that she didn't get off too lightly either...
...her entire bow was smashed and buckled up. By the
look of the mangled ship, it is clear that it was a huge impact indeed.
The whole front end has gone!
The damage to HMS Hawke should indicate to
sceptics that the she was travelling a little faster than 8 knots as they
suggest. I would suggest around 15 knots or higher, for the whole
front of the ship to be mangled up like this. I would argue that the
stern of RMS Olympic actually bent under the
massive impact, this would explain the steel plates being damaged with
broken rivets on the other side of the liner as well. NOTE: HMS
Hawke
was only to sail for three
more years. On
October 15th 1914,
during WWI, she was torpedoed in the North Sea by U-9, a
German U-boat. She sank in only a few minutes with the loss
of 26 officers and 500 crew.
Consequently the Admiralties decision that it was RMS Olympic's
fault meant that White Star Line's insurance on the
liner was all but null and void. RMS Olympic for all
intents and purposes was now deemed an insurance write off.
An exceedingly unhappy J. P. Morgan and J. B. Ismay were
actually looking at an insurance loss of around $800,000. Estimated
$10Million today.
This sort of loss could in effect bankrupt J. P. Morgan and
J. B. Ismay, also possibly placing White Star Line into the
hands of the receivers. It was a catastrophic blow, and one that
would be hard to recover from...but recover they had to do.
More bad news was to land on J. P. Morgan's and J. B. Ismay's desk at
White Star Line the following day. It was the final assessment
report from the shipyard, the news was that RMS
Olympic's keel was indeed badly distorted and would cost a few
hundred thousand dollars and many months to get it back into its original
state. As it was, RMS Olympic listed 2
degrees to port, her turning circle was effected and also the stern's
infrastructure was weak.
With the liners value at $10million, estimated at
$120Million today, White Star Line would be sunk, in more
ways than one.
J. P. Morgan was basically told the liner was scrap as the
cost to do these enormous repairs outweighed the liners value and any
revenue it could possibly earn. As it was, the costs of repairing
RMS Olympic were already escalating. Harland and
Wolff had already delayed work on RMS Titanic in
order to utilize her propeller shaft to replace the bent one on
RMS Olympic. J. P. Morgan and J. B. Ismay
decided to just "
patch it up "
NOTE: On February 24th 1912, the
RMS Olympic Another
time she had also actually scraped along the corner of the docks
harbor wall in New York, buckling a long section of the
steel plates.
She was indeed a
Jonah.
Something had to be thought of, and thought of fast, to
save the company, as bankruptcy was now staring them in the face. It
is now thought that after much deliberation in J. P. Morgan's office, it
was decided to " switch ships " in that they would secretly
rename the new RMS Titanic as RMS Olympic
and visa-versa.
NOTE:
J. P. Morgan actually increased the insurance value of " RMS
Titanic
"
a few weeks before her maiden voyage. This appears to
be a very prudent move, or did he know something that no-one else
knew? RMS Olympic
was patched-up enough to make her seaworthy but nowhere near the amount of
cash or time was spent fixing all the damage. She was fitted with
longitudinal bulkheads in the stern to give her some strength and that was
about it. The damaged and exceedingly expensive to repair keel was
left as-is, after all it, was out of sight and out of mind.
Below, RMS Olympic is berthed at the docks.
It was also probably decided at that point that it would be
best if " RMS Titanic " should not exactly complete
her maiden voyage but to meet with a mishap somewhere in the
Atlantic...somewhere where its recovery or scrutiny would be impossible.
NOTE: The liner actually sank to a
depth of 2½ miles below the surface and even with modern
technology, the wreck is still very dangerous and difficult to
visit. In fact it takes a whole organized team of nautical
maritime experts to do so.
Indeed the unsinkable ship somehow had to become sinkable...very sinkable.
The bulkheads were not actually sealed at the top, this oversight allowed
water to flow over, filling each compartment, one at a time? Did J.
P. Morgan and J. B. Ismay know this?
Two months after the fateful collision of RMS Olympic and HMS
Hawke,
RMS Olympic,
it is now thought, was bedecked out to resemble RMS Titanic
in every way. This included switching the ships bell, menus and
note-paper letterheads, names on the life belts and life boats, also any
plaques and brass fittings with the liners name on. The most
important name switch was the name on the top bow sides and stern of the
liner...they had to be covered over with the switched name.
Everything had to be switched from one liner to the other and visa-versa.
NOTE:
All the cups, plates and saucers in both liners had the same
White Star Line logo on them with a flag emblem as seen
above. So this was less to worry about as they didn't need
to change all these thousands of items. To switch a ships
identity was not as hard as it sounds and apparently it was a
practice that was commonplace in the early 1900's. Ships
generally all look the same as it is.
TITANIC ANOMALIES
It would not have taken several handpicked workers too long to make the
cosmetic changes, the liners were also out of public view in the docks,
making it easier. The biggest issues would be changing the etched in
names on the sides and stern of the liner. The solution would be to
rivet plates with the names on, over the original names.
NOTE: As welding had not yet been
invented, it was customary for White Star Line to
etch or cut the names of their liners into the steel and not rivet
them to the outside. However both RMS Olympic
and RMS Titanic had their names riveted
on...covering something up perhaps? A slight giveaway of the changes taking
place was the fact that RMS Olympic
had sixteen C-deck portholes on the bow, having had two extra added
shortly after its launch, whilst RMS Titanic only had
fourteen and did not have any extra added. Yet when "RMS Titanic
" went on its maiden voyage it was seen to be sporting 16 C-deck
portholes. Either extra portholes had indeed been added that nobody
knew about, or the two liners had been switched.
Below is an image of the real RMS Titanic when she was just
launched, you can count the 14 portholes.
Below is another image of " RMS Titanic " when she was about to
embark on her maiden voyage, you can count the portholes all 16 of them!
Also, at RMS Titanic's launch, all of the
windows on B-deck were evenly spaced out, yet on her maiden voyage they
were seen as being un-evenly spaced, just as RMS Olympic's
were.
Below is seen the real RMS Titanic just after her launch
and the evenly spaced windows on B-deck.
Below the windows on B-deck of " RMS Titanic " as she embarks on
her maiden voyage...they are definitely a little differently spaced apart.
Nobody noticed at the time as nobody was looking for any changes like we
are now.
Also, whilst RMS Olympic was open
for inspection by the press and public in both Belfast and Liverpool, "
RMS Titanic " was not open for any inspection at all, except to
The Board of Trade Inspection.
NOTE: The
Board of Trade Inspection,
executed a rather fast and not very thorough inspection of this
new liner...finishing at noon for drinks and lunch on
deck. It is thought they were too impressed, blinded even,
by the opulence of the liner to have failed it in any way.
They could even have been bribed.
Historians have always mused that it was rather strange that
RMS Titanic,
was never shown the enormous publicity that RMS Olympic
received the year before. " It was a somewhat quiet affair
"
When " RMS Titanic " left Belfast and
arrived at Southampton, all but two of the firemen, boiler stokers and
greasers got off the liner and refused to work on her anymore. They
said they would wait and look for work on another ship, but would not sign
up for work on RMS Titanic for any money.
All this occurred during the national coal strike that was in force too,
with thousands of men laid off, meaning work would be very hard to come
by. This was very strange behaviour indeed, what did
they know? why did they refuse to work on RMS Titanic?
I suggest, that for a new ship that " RMS Titanic "
was suppose to be, the only thing that could not be made to look new were
the ships boilers, having already been used for 12 months as RMS
Olympic before the switch.
The firemen, boiler stokers etc realised the boilers were " old " when
they boarded her in Belfast and hence knew that the liner had been
switched, knowing something was up, something serious. I could
imagine the rhetoric " Hey Patrick look at the state of these boilers,
these ain't new, the rumors must be true, this is the Olympic!
Alright, we'll work on her until we get to Southampton boys...then we'll
get off, something's going on here "
This is the only explanation as to why they refused to work on her during
the Atlantic voyage.
TITANIC ASSUMPTIONS
What can we assume was the progressive logical path of
thought for White Star Line's J. B. Ismay and big business
magnate J. P Morgan? who were facing bankruptcy over the Olympic
affair.
1. Make the bare minimum low cost repairs to RMS
Olympic enough to get her seaworthy-ish, rename her RMS
Titanic and flounder her at sea. Making sure she sinks in deep
water. 2. Insure " RMS Titanic
" for more that it was worth. This is actually what J. P.
Morgan did and after it sank he received $12½Million for her, in insurance
payouts from Lloyds Maritime Insurance. Estimated at over $160Million
today, more than they could ever have recuperated if they had sold
or scrapped her.
NOTE: It was
this event...the sinking of "
RMS Titanic " that rescued White Star Line
from bankruptcy...all of their problems had sunk with her.
They had insomuch received a cash windfall and had gotten rid of
the Jonah. 3. Captain E. J. Smith RNR, should have
been fired for the damage to RMS Olympic as he was
its Captain when it collided with HMS Hawke, the tug and
the sunken wreck. He would never have worked again and J. B. Ismay would
have personally seen to that. His pension would also have been null
and void. So maybe strike a deal with him to crash RMS Titanic
into an iceberg or some other accident.
Edward John Smith 1850 - 1912
NOTE: In 1912
there was no welfare or social security for the unemployed, only
work houses and soup kitchens. Employers could hire and fire
staff at a whim, employees had limited rights. There were no
agencies offering work, so those in work just shut up and did as
their bosses said. You could work for them or quit those
were the only options. There were
strikes in those days as there are today, but they rarely
gained any impetus as bosses would usually fire all of them and
re-employ. If a company boss says " I'm not paying you
any more " what are you going to do? Unfair dismissal wasn't
a legal stanza in 1912. 4. A rescue package would need to be
assembled. Is this why a freighter S.S. Californian,
( seen below ) another of J. P. Morgan's, ships of his Leyland Line
was sent across the Atlantic? Enough coal being majestically found for the
trip as well.
Its commander, Captain Stanley Lord ordered the freighter
stopped in the same vicinity where "RMS Titanic
" was later to sink. The ships boilers were kept fully stoked, which
is tantamount to the engines being on standby. Also, it has been
discovered that three radio messages to this effect were sent to Captain
Smith of RMS Titanic? Strangely, the only cargo S.S
Californian was carrying were 3000 woollen jumpers and 3000 blankets?
However, it is believed that S.S. Californian somehow got
her bearings mixed and ended up waiting 12 miles away from where "
RMS Titanic
" actually sank.
Captain Stanley Lord was the man who actually took the
blame for the 1500 deaths of RMS Titanic's sinking, for not
getting there on time. Its as if part of some intricate pre-planned
event went wrong for him to have got all the blame. " RMS TITANIC " SINKS " RMS Titanic " left
Southampton on April 10th 1912 and headed for Cherbourg in France
where she picked up more passengers. She then set sail for
Queenstown in Ireland and finally set sail for New York with 2,223
passengers aboard. Four days into her voyage, on the night
of April 14th 1912 at 11:40pm she hit an iceberg. Two hours
and forty minutes later she sank, with the loss of over 1,500
lives. The huge loss in lives was attributed to the fact
that there were only enough lifeboats for just over 1100
passengers. Also the fact that the ships crew rigorously
enforced a women and children first policy and didn't
allow any men into the lifeboats added to the death toll. The Titanic was not the greatest ever disaster
at sea, for example; the Deutschland cruiser Wilhelm Gustloff
was torpedoed and sank during WWII, killing over 9,000
passengers...that's six times the amount of life lost on " RMS
Titanic "
1500
It was sad, It was sad,
Below is a graphical representation of what a crowd of 1500
people would look like, whereas each person is represented with an
i
symbol. Sometimes numbers are hard to imagine off the cuff but this
way we can visualize that 1500 is quite a lot.
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i
i i i i i i i i i i i i i i
RMS Olympic
( now RMS Titanic ) was I believe indeed a Jonah
and maybe J. P. Morgan also knew this. It was always in docks
for repairs, it was always hitting things. There was even a fire in No10
coal bunker as " RMS Titanic " sailed across the Atlantic and the
boiler stokers couldn't put it out.
J. P. Morgan, his friends, acquaintances and family didn't travel on
RMS Titanic's maiden voyage. He claimed that he
was ill and cancelled his trip. He also had two priceless bronze
statues taken off " RMS Titanic " before she sailed. J. P.
Morgan was actually seen in France in a perfect state of health, very
shortly after, entertaining with associates. NOTE:
J. B. Ismay had all the linoleum flooring on the new " RMS
Titanic " covered up with new carpet. Was this to
hide 12 months worth of scratches and marks on the linoleum's
surface?
Why did J. B. Ismay travel on RMS Titanic's
maiden voyage if as this page suggests, he knew it was going to flounder
and sink? Maybe to make it look genuine, as its now thought that the
S. S. Californian
had been organized to pick up survivors, so he had little to worry
about. Also the $12½Million insurance
claim may need substantiating, so nothing was left to chance.
J. B. Ismay's mindset would then have been set on his own
survival beforehand, is this why he got into a lifeboat which only had
women and children aboard...something by the way, that he could not live
down for the rest of his life.
The men who made all the changes from RMS Olympic to
RMS Titanic and visa-versa would have had their silence paid for.
Indeed it appears that they all took the secret to their graves, as there
has never been any official or otherwise mention of it. There is
also suggestion that all those who knew had to sign the
Official Secrets Act and it was this that kept their silence...it
would also have been the cheaper option, J. P. Morgan style.
Despite all of the secrecy there was apparently still a few
rumors around the docks at the time, suggesting that the liners had been
switched but most workers just wrote it off as stuff and nonsense.
Let us not forget that both ships were 99% identical in every way.
If anyone did suggest something wasn't right then they were
either ignored or told to shut up.
DISCOVERY OF " RMS TITANIC "
When Robert Ballard discovered the wreck of " RMS Titanic " in
1985, it was subsequently explored quite extensively.
They later noticed at the stern section that there was a longitudinal
bulkhead, it appeared that a temporary repair had been made to strengthen
the keel, exactly what had happened to RMS Olympic. NOTE: Robert Ballard is an expert of
under water research. He is the president of the Institute
for Exploration, scientist retired from the Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution, and director of the New Institute for
Archaeological Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island. Also at the bow the starboard propeller
was visible and the number 401
could just be made out. 401 was RMS Titanic's
shipyard build number, whilst RMS Olympic's was 400.
But remember when RMS Olympic had its broken propeller changed,
they took the one off RMS Titanic as RMS Titanic
was still under construction. RMS Olympic was losing
money every time it was in dock, they had to fix it fast and get it back
out.
Also worthy of mention, is where most of the black paint
had rusted off over the years of the liner being submerged at a depth of
2½ miles, there could be seen some very slight patches of grey undercoat
paint on the steel. This is strange considering that it was only the
hull of
RMS Olympic that was painted with grey undercoat...RMS
Titanic was painted black from the start.
Below: On the left, RMS Olympic's hull just
after launch and on the right, RMS Titanic's hull just
after launch.
It was stated at the time that the grey paint helped show
the ships true lines, as grey stood out better than black
for the publicity photos of the day. Photography was still in its
infancy in 1912. In 1986, Robert
Ballard along with the French National Oceanographic Institute,
RMS Titanic was again explored and something odd was later
noticed on the liners bow. Where the name TITANIC was riveted
on in four foot high letters, two of the letters
A N had fallen away to reveal the letters M P
etched into the steel underneath as shown below in a still
from the video.
So now the name reads T I
TM PI C it looks as though
the name TITANIC was riveted straight on top of the original name of
OLYMPIC that was cut into the steel. After all, it stands to reason
that they were in a bit of a hurry at the shipyard to do this and they
didn't have time to take the old name off, as it meant removal of several
bow plates. Is this now the final proof? I believe that yes,
indeed it is !
To the World and Lloyds Maritime Insurance I want to say this...it looks
like you have been scammed...hook line and sinker.
HISTORICAL ACCURACEY
Only the wreck can now reveal the truth, as she is now
finally giving up her secrets after nearly a 100 years. A period of
time where absolutely everyone who was involved in the
greatest cover-up of all time are long since dead and gone. FINAL NOTE: The real RMS Titanic
under the switched identity of RMS Olympic served as a
troop transport ship in WWI and earned the nickname "
Old Reliable " as she was a good ship. After the war in
1918 she again became a passenger liner right up to 1935, serving
for 25 years in total. In 1934 the British government
initiated a merger of White Star Line and Cunnard Line to
become Cunnard White Star. The company then decided to
retire many of its surplus ships and liners. RMS Olympic ( The
original RMS Titanic ) was retired from service in 1935 and
sold as scrap to Sir John Jarvis for $100,000 ( over $1 million
today ) and she was stripped of fixtures and fittings. She
was finally cut up in at T.W Wards shipyard in Inverkeithing,
Fife, Scotland where the steel was recycled. I wonder if anyone noticed the
name TITANIC under the name of OLYMPIC when they cut it up, or
maybe T.W Ward was told to keep quiet about it...well he certainly
kept his word. The only relevance it all holds today is
one of historical curiosity and perhaps maybe...setting the record
straight. |